Conversational analysis of chatroom talk

by

Terrell Neuage

 

BA (Journalism), Bachelor of Arts with Honours (Children’s Literature), MA (English Literature)

 

A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

PhD

University of South Australia

2004

Chairperson of Supervisory Committee:

Professor Claire Woods

School of Communication, Information and New Media

Date Saturday, Tuesday, August 03, 2004


TABLE OF CONTENT

Conversational analysis of chatroom talk. i

TABLE OF CONTENT. 2

Glossary. 7

Abstract 10

Declaration. 14

Acknowledgements. 15

1. INTRODUCTION.. 16

1.1 Evolution of language from early utterances to chatroom utterances. 16

1.2 Internet-based communication systems. 23

1.2.1 E-mail, discussion forums. 27

1.2.2 Electronic chat 30

1.2.2.1 IRC.. 30

1.2.2.2 MUDs. 33

1.2.2.1.1 MUDs vs. IRC.. 36

1.3 New paradigm shifts. 38

1.3.1 Print to computerization. 38

1.3.2 Notion of “discourse”. 43

1.4 Purpose of examining on-line conversation. 43

1.5 On-line usage. 45

1.5.1 Problems of researching on-line. 47

1.6 Are Chatrooms Public or Private?. 49

1.7 Is cyberspace real?. 51

1.8 Personal interest in researching on-line conversation. 53

2. LITERATURE REVIEW... 55

2.0 Abstract 55

2.1 Introduction. 56

2.2 Technology of conversation. 60

2.2.1 The World Wide Web. 60

2.2.1.1 On-line communities. 61

2.2.1.2 Gender issues. 64

2.2.1.3 Discussion Groups. 65

2.2.2 The literature of CMC.. 67

2.2.2.1 CMC and on-line talk-texting. 68

2.2.2.2 Analysing electronic textual data. 71

2.2.2.3 On-line writings on CMC.. 72

2.2.2.3.1 Universal language. 73

2.2.2.3.2 E-mail 74

2.2.2.3.3 Role playing chat sites. 75

2.3 Analysing on-line conversation. 79

2.3.1 The Reader 79

2.3.1.1 The Reader as interpreter 80

2.3.1.2 The assumed or implied reader 81

2.3.1.3 The background of the reader (“mosaic of multiple texts”) 84

2.3.1.4 The role of the reader 85

2.3.2 Rules of chat 87

2.3.3 Symbolic activity in chatrooms. 88

2.3.4 The language/action approach. 88

2.3.5 Conversational Analysis. 91

2.4   Conclusion. 96

3. METHODOLOGY.. 97

3.1 Introduction. 97

3.1.1 Qualitative research. 98

3.1.2 Research techniques. 101

3.1.3 Ethnographic approach. 103

3.1.4 Conversation Analysis. 112

3.2. Key Assumptions. 115

3.3 Theoretical Framework. 118

3.3.1 Assumptions. 119

3.4 Protocol of a transcription methodology. 125

3.5 Data collection. 133

3.6 Ethical issues. 139

4. CASE STUDIES. 142

Case Study One. 143

CS 1.0 Introduction. 143

CS 1.0.1 Reason for choosing this chatroom.. 143

CS 1.0.2 Background to Hurricane Floyd. 145

CS 1.0.3 Research Questions. 146

CS 1.1 Methodology. 148

CS 1.2 Reader-Response theory. 156

CS 1.2.1 Language features. 162

CS 1.2.1.1 Skills of shared language. 162

CS 1.2.1.2 Linguistic skills. 164

CS 1.2.1.2.1 Knowledge and skills of discourse structure and organization. 168

CS 1.2.1.2.2 Metalinguistic knowledge and skills. 168

CS 1.2.1.3.3 Phenomenological approach to reading. 172

CS 1.3 Discussion. 175

CS 1.3.1 Two readings of a chatroom.. 176

CS 1.3.1.1 Chat title. 176

CS 1.3.1.2 Three different Hurricane Floyd discussion strands. 184

CS 1.4 Answers. 187

Case Study Two. 190

CS 2.0 Introduction. 190

CS 2.0.1 Choosing an IM chatroom.. 191

CS 2.0.2 Questions. 192

CS 2.1 Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) 192

CS 2.2 Discussion. 197

CS 2.2.1 Is electronic talk comparable to verbal talk?. 200

CS 2.2.2 Instant Messenger 204

CS 2.3 IM Chat Data. 211

CS 2.4 Findings. 219

Case Study Three. 223

CS 3.1 Introduction. 223

CS 3.1.1 Questions. 224

CS 3.1.2 Britney Spears. 227

CS 3.2 Methodology. 227

CS 3.2.2 Transcription. 229

CS 3.3 Discussion. 232

CS 3.3.1 Semiotics. 235

CS 3.3.1.1 Emoticons. 237

CS 3.3.1.2 3D virtual chats and ikons. 243

CS 3.3.2 Pragmatics. 246

Case Study Four. 255

CS 4.0 Introduction. 255

CS 4.0.1 Questions. 257

CS 4.0.2 Why I chose this chatroom.. 257

CS 4.1 Methodology. 260

CS 4.1.1 Transcription. 260

CS 4.1.2 Speech Act Theory. 261

CS 4.2 Discussion. 261

CS 4.2.1 Speech situations as speech events. 263

CS 4.2.1.1 Locutionary. 264

CS 4.2.1.2 Illocutionary. 264

CS 4.2.1.3 Perlocutionary. 265

CS 4.2.1.4 Performatives. 266

CS 4.2.2 Searle. 272

CS 4.2.2.1 Commissives. 272

CS 4.2.2.2 Expressives. 273

CS 4.2.2.3 Declarations. 274

CS 4.2.2.4 Directives. 275

CS 4.2.2.5 Representatives. 275

CS 4.2.3 Speech Act Disruptions (SADs) 279

CS 4.3 Conclusion. 280

Case Study Five. 283

CS 5.0 Introduction. 283

CS 5.0.1 Question. 284

CS 5.1 Methods. 284

CS 5.1.1 Transcriptions. 284

CS 5.1.2 Discourse Analysis. 286

CS 5.2 Findings. 291

CS 5.2.1 Discourse and Frames. 291

CS5.2.1.1 scud4>. 294

CS 5.2.2 Language system..